Minerals are inorganic substances that occur naturally as elements or chemical compounds within the earth. Your body cannot make its own minerals and relies upon your own dietary intake to obtain them. It may seem strange, but many of these minerals, which are basically rocks, are vital for a healthy mind and body.
Types of Minerals
Minerals are subdivided into two classes, says the Faqs.org website. Macrominerals are found in larger amounts in the body and greater levels of dietary intake are needed. Macrominerals include calcium, phosphorous, potassium and magnesium. Microminerals, also known as trace minerals, are found in smaller amounts in the body. These minerals are just as important in your diet as macrominerals but are only needed in small amounts. Microminerals include iron, zinc, copper, fluoride, chromium and selenium.
Function
Minerals work in two ways in the body, says the University of Florida IFAS Extension website. Some minerals support the cells and structure of the body. Calcium, for example, helps to maintain healthy bones. Iron places a vital role in red blood cell production. The second function of minerals is the regulation of numerous body processes. According to the University of Florida, sodium and potassium are important to nervous system function, chromium regulates blood glucose levels and selenium, a trace mineral, works in conjunction with Vitamin E as an antioxidant.
Sources of Minerals
Minerals occur naturally in soil, rocks and water. They cannot be made by living organisms. Most of the minerals in our diets, therefore, come directly from plants or indirectly from animal sources, says the Nutri-Facts website. The best way to obtain a sufficient dietary intake of minerals is to eat a variety of foods that includes vegetables, fruit, fish and meat. In some cases, your doctor may recommend a mineral supplement.
Mineral Deficiency
If mineral levels are inadequate in the body, such as iron, they may facilitate negative effects in the body, says The Vitamins and Nutrition Center website. A lack of one particular mineral can cause a specific health problem. Iron, for example, is a trace mineral and only needed in small amounts, but a lack of iron can lead to anemia. Calcium deficiency can cause rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults. According to Faqs.org, there are 16, or possibly more, essential minerals needed in our diet. A deficiency in any one of these minerals can have negative consequences.
Harmful Intake
Scientists have set recommended minimum and maximum intakes for most minerals. The maximum intake is important because some minerals can be harmful if taken excessively. Large doses of some minerals can be toxic, resulting in negative side effects. For this reason, says the SafeKids.co.uk website, "it is important to get advice from your GP or a pediatric dietician before beginning any supplementation." This advice is as relevant to adults as it is to children.
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