Frostbite is a condition in which the skin and underlying tissues are affected by long exposure to cold temperatures. Most cases of frostbite are mild, but severe cases of frostbite can cause problems such as infections and nerve damage. The condition typically affects exposed areas such as the face, cheeks, nose, chin, toes and fingers. Common after effects of frostbite include numbness, blisters and changes in skin appearance.
Numbness
One of the most common after effects of frostbite is numbing within the affected area. The University of Maryland Medical Center explains that frostbite affects the underlying tissues and nerves of the skin, which causes numbing and the lack of normal sensations. A person may also experience problems such as prickling, tingling, pain and itching in the frostbitten areas. In addition, these after effects may occur with other sensations such as burning or coldness in the affected area.
Changes in Skin Appearance
Frostbite normally affects the skin complexion of the affected area. Skin may change color in the frostbitten area and appear white, red or yellowish-gray. Skin may also appear discolored or pale as an after effect of the condition. Frostbite can change the skin texture of the affected area. For example, the skin may appear with a wax-like sheen or feel harder than normal. After effects of frostbite typically disappear after re-warming the affected area. Side effects that persist after re-warming should be evaluated by a medical professional.
Blisters and Lack of Flexibility
Blisters frequently occur at the affected site. Merck Manuals Online Medical Library states that blisters are liquid-filled pockets that rise above the normal layer of skin. Individuals with overexposure to extreme temperatures may also develop blackened skin or the inability to flex or move joints in the affected extremities. Untreated frostbite can lead to permanent joint disability, loss of skin tissue or gangrene.
