Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin and can occur on the scalp, a condition referred to as tinea capitis. Symptoms of a ringworm infection generally begin to show up about four to 14 days after exposure to the fungus, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Risk factors for developing ringworm on the scalp include injuries to the skin, long periods of moist scalp skin and poor hygiene. The condition affects children most often and may disappear by puberty.
Causes
This contagious condition spreads from person to person though direct contact or touching contaminated objects such as bedding, towels and hairbrushes. Ringworm may also transfer from animals to people. Animals that may commonly transfer ringworm include rabbits, pigs, cats, dogs, ferrets and goats, according to MayoClinic.com.
Symptoms
A symptom of a ringworm infection on the scalp includes bald areas where hair previously grew. The hair may break off at the scalp or may pull out easily. The bald areas may expand in size as the infection grows. The scalp may have reddened or grayish areas that appear scaly. The affected areas of scalp may feel painful or tender. Patients may also have small black dots in the affected areas, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Diagnosis
To diagnose ringworm on the scalp, a physician completes a physical exam and takes a sample of the affected scalp or hair to examine under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis. The physician may also send a sample to a laboratory to test for the presence of the fungus.
Treatment
Ringworm on the scalp may be resistant to treatment and may recur after treatment. Oral antifungal medications help treat the infection for adults and children with ringworm on the scalp. Applying an antifungal medication directly to the scalp for the duration of the infection may help prevent the spread of the infection to other individuals. Medicated shampoo can help get rid of the ringworm. Oral steroids may help decrease symptoms of inflammation and possibly decrease scarring, according to The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library Home Edition.
Complications
Possible complications from a ringworm infection on the scalp include permanent bald spots and scarring. Sores filled with pus may also occur on the scalp from an allergic reaction to the fungal infection. The sores may increase the risk of scarring and permanent hair loss.
