The influenza virus infects about 60 millions people in the United States every year. Colds are the most contagious infection in the United States, and the number one reason kids stay home from school, according to KidsHealth.org. The common cold and the flu share several common symptoms and can be treated with similar treatments. Home remedies, are intended to reduce symptoms--they cannot cure a cold or the flu---therefore the remedies should target the specific symptoms suffered by the patient.
Reduce Body Aches
The patient should increasing fluids to reduce body aches. Fever and mucus production causes the body to use more fluids. If the fluids are not replaced, dehydration may occur and electrolyte levels, including potassium, may drop. Muscles depend on potassium, and may begin to ache when potassium levels are too low. Drinking water may re-hydrate the body and restore electrolyte levels and relieve muscle aches. Warm baths are relaxing and can soothe muscle aches.
Encourage the Immune System
The person suffering from cold or flu should get plenty of rest. Sleep helps the body's immune system fight infection. Over the counter products, or OTCs, are available to boost the immune system. Vitamin C may hasten recovery if taken early enough, according to Mayo Clinic, but it has not been shown to prevent colds or flu. Zinc also seems to be more effective if taken within the first 24 hours after onset of symptoms. Studies into the efficacy of echinacea are inconclusive but the use of this plant does not seem to generally cause harm.
Sore Throat Care
Someone suffering a sore or scratchy throat should gargle with salt water to soothe symptoms caused by rhinovirus, or the virus that causes the common cold. Hard candy or throat lozenges work by coating the inflamed lining of the throat to reduce scratchy or sore throats and reduce coughing. A humidifier or vaporizer can sooth an irritated throat and loosen mucus.
Calm the Cough
There are two types of cough, and two types of OTC medicines to address these coughs. A productive cough is the body's way of expelling mucus. A non-productive cough is dry, does not produce mucus, and can disturb sleep. Cough suppressants reduce coughing, which can promote a more restful night for those experiencing a dry cough. A cough suppressant should not be used for a productive cough, as this prevents the body from clearing mucus from the lungs. An expectorant thins mucus, making it easier for the lungs to expel mucus from the body. Increasing fluids like water, fruit juices and soup also thins mucus.
Clear Nasal Congestion
Influenza virus attacks the respiratory system, and the patient experiences symptoms in the nose, throat and lungs. Saltwater drops in the nasal passages relieve stuffy nose. There are commercial saline drops available at most pharmacies or a salt solution may be made at home.
There are non-prescription decongestants available to aid in relieving a stuffy nose. Nasal decongestants work faster than oral decongestants but nasal decongestants may actually cause a stuffy nose if used for too long.
Pain Relief
Pain relievers may temporarily relieve discomfort associated with colds or flu, but ibuprofen or acetaminophen may also have side effects. Ibuprofen may cause stomach pain, ulcers and bleeding, and acetaminophen can be toxic to the liver if taken in doses higher than prescribed or over a long period of time. Aspirin is not given to children or teenagers due to the risk of Reye's Syndrome, a potentially fatal condition, according to the National Reye's Syndrome Foundation.
