The prostate gland is a crucial part of male sexuality as it produces seminal fluid, which is the carrier for the sperm. It is positioned close to both the bladder and the urethra. Because of this anatomical relationship, oversized prostates cause issues with urination. Benign prostatic hypertrophy is the most common type of prostate growth, although its cause is unknown. The book, "Genitourinary Pathology," cites that many men over the age of 40 have oversized prostate glands, and by age 85, fully 90 percent do.
More Urges to Urinate
An early effect experienced from an oversized prostate gland is an increase in the urge to urinate, most notably during bedtime. Often the urge does not culminate in full emptying of the bladder, and sometimes initiating the flow of urine proves difficult and requires straining. According to the book, "Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms," prostate enlargement is suspected in an elderly male if his need to urinate increases to two or more times per night. During the day, an oversized prostate can cause strong, sudden urges that require immediate attention.
Weaker Urine Stream
Another early effect of an oversized prostate is a reduced urine stream, because of the pressure the growing gland puts on the upper part of the urethra. The reduction in strength of the urine stream is gradual and may not be noticed by many men. In fact, MayoClinic.com notes that half of men with benign prostatic hypertrophy do not experience noticeable symptoms that could be described as bothersome.
Less Control of Urination
A more advanced symptom of an enlarged prostate gland is lack of urinary control. This usually begins as dribbling of urine while trying to terminate urination. Dribbling can also happen while asleep, which is considered a mild form of incontinence. Full-blown incontinence, which is complete lack of bladder control during the night or day, can occur with advanced prostate pathology. Incontinence is often considered the most bothersome of prostate symptoms.
Urinary Retention
As the prostate continues to enlarge, it may completely obstruct the urethra such that urine is unable to flow from the bladder without excessive straining. This situation, which is often painful and can become a medical emergency, is referred to as urinary retention. According to the National Institute of Health, urinary retention and strain on the bladder can lead to urinary tract infections, bladder or kidney damage, bladder stones and incontinence.
Pain with Urinating and Sitting
Although pain is not common with benign prostatic hypertrophy, it can be the most noticeable with prostate infection and cancer, according to Urologychannel.com. Prostate pain can be deep and achy in nature, stabbing or burning, and occur with sitting, urinating and ejaculating. Although prostate pain is commonly felt deep within the pelvis, it can also refer pain to the low back, groin and lower abdomen.
References
- "Genitourinary Pathology: A Volume in Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology Series; Cristina Magi-Galluzzi et al; 2006
- "Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition)"; Springhouse; 2006
- Mayo Clinic: Symptoms of an Enlarged Prostate
- National Institute of Health - National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Symptoms
- Urologychannel.com: Prostatitis Symptoms
