Wiping a runny nose several times a day can be frustrating to both parents and toddlers. A toddler with a runny nose can be particularly frustrating because the baby is unable to explain his symptoms. Fortunately, most causes of a runny nose are not serious and are resolved with time and patience.
Causes
An upper respiratory tract infection, typically called the common cold, is the most likely cause of a runny nose in a toddler. Allergic rhinitis, or a runny nose caused by allergens in the air, is another potential cause. Irritants in the air, such as tobacco smoke or pollutants, may cause a runny nose in some toddlers. A runny nose that is congested only on one side and that has thicker discharge is concerning for the possibility of a foreign body. This is a particular concern for a curious toddler who likes to explore the world by sticking things up his nose.
Symptoms
Depending on the cause of the runny nose, a toddler may have other symptoms. As discussed by the MayoClinic, a common cold is a viral infection that affects the nose and throat. A toddler often has a runny nose in addition to sneezing, coughing, decreased appetite and a low grade fever. The nasal discharge may start out clear in nature but then becomes thicker before resolving. If a runny nose is present because of allergies, itchy eyes and sneezing may be present as well.
Risk Factors
Toddlers are more susceptible to runny noses because they develop colds more frequently than older children or adults. Since they have no been exposed to many of the viruses before, they develop symptoms every time they are exposed to a new virus. Additionally, a toddler is often exposed to other children with colds and is more likely to put unwashed hands or toys into his mouth.
Treatment
In most situations, a runny nose does not require treatment. Since colds are caused by viruses, antibiotics do not help with symptoms and will not make the runny nose resolve more quickly. If a runny nose lingers after a cold or a toddler develops a fever once the cold symptoms have resolved, a sinus infection may be present. If there is any concern, a visit to the pediatrician can help determine whether treatment is needed. If a runny nose is due to allergies, advice on limiting exposure to the allergen can help to resolve symptoms.
Comfort Measures
While a runny nose rarely requires treatment, certain measures can be taken to make a toddler more comfortable. For a young toddler, suctioning the nose with a bulb syringe can decrease the discomfort of a runny nose. An older toddler can be taught to blow his nose. If the nasal discharge is thick, saline drops can thin it out and relieve discomfort. Finally, a hot bath or a humidifier in the toddler's room can help to thin secretions and provide comfort.
