Urine, excess liquid and waste, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, empties into the bladder. If the bladder doesn't empty completely, urine left in the bladder may start to crystallize, which can form bladder stones, according to MayoClinic.com. Bladder stones may result in painful urination and incontinence.
Enlarged Prostate
MayoClinic.com reports that bladder stones in men most often occur from benign prostatic hyperplasia -- an enlarged prostate. Urine may remain in the bladder due to the enlarged gland interrupting the flow of urine by compressing the tube through which it exits the body. According to MedlinePlus, symptoms of an enlarged prostate include a weak urine stream, the abrupt need to urinate, blood in the urine and painful urination.
Kidney Stones
Kidney stones, formations that develop in the kidneys, may cause bladder stones, according to MayoClinic.com. Kidney stones affect approximately 3 million people every year in the United States, reports the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. This common condition also develops from crystals in the urine as the kidneys process wastes. Small kidney stones may travel to the bladder and remain there. Symptoms of kidney stones include pain in the kidney area, nausea and vomiting.
Neurogenic Bladder
Neurogenic bladder, a nerve condition, may result in bladder stones, reveals The Mayo Clinic. Nerves relay messages from the brain to the bladder; however, when nerves are damaged, the bladder may not react as it should. This can cause the bladder to only partially empty, encouraging the growth of bladder stones. According to Medline Plus, a variety of disorders may cause neurogenic bladder, including spinal cord injury, stroke, brain tumors and Alzheimer's disease.
