Potassium helps to maintain the normal function of the nerves and muscles, including the heart. However, high potassium levels in the body, or hyperkalemia, can be dangerous, even fatal. According to MayoClinic.com, hyperkalemia occurs most often in people with impaired kidney function. MedLinePlus says that certain medications can increase hyperkalemia risk, as can some health issues. Because hyperkalemia symptoms often appear only when potassium levels are very high, those who experience symptoms should seek medical help immediately.
Cardiac Symptoms
Perhaps the most dangerous sign of high potassium levels in the body are the symptoms that affect the heart. According to American Family Physician, hyperkalemia can cause changes in heart rhythm that an ECG can detect, and these changes are an ominous sign that can lead to potentially fatal arrhythmias. Anyone with symptoms such as a weak, slow, or irregular pulse, chest pain, labored breathing or irregular heart beat should seek emergency care as quickly as possible.
Muscular Symptoms
According to Linus Pauling Micronutrient Information Center, potassium is an electrolyte, a substance that assists in the transmission of electrical impulses to the muscles. These impulses are the means by which muscles are controlled. High potassium levels can disrupt these signals, causing neurological symptoms that can include impaired muscle function and even, in severe cases, paralysis. Potassium also plays an essential role in protein synthesis and the conversion of glucose into glycogen, which fuels the muscles, so moderate cases of hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness and fatigue.
Other Symptoms
Other signs of hyperkalemia can include digestive symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea or constipation. Patients with high potassium levels often report tingling sensations or numbness in the hands, feet, arms or legs. Irritability, anxiety, dry skin, and a feeling of general fatigue or weakness are other common symptoms. According to University of Maryland Medical Center, hyperkalemia symptoms often do not occur until potassium levels have reached dangerously high levels, so those showing such signs should seek medical help immediately, especially if risk factors for hyperkalemia are present, such as kidney disease or medications that can cause potassium to collect in the body.
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