Tetracycline, an antibiotic, can cause birth defects or abnormalities in the fetus if taken by a woman during pregnancy. The type of potential damage varies depending on when in pregnancy the drug is taken. Tetracycline is classified as a class D drug for use in pregnancy, meaning that it has been studied in humans and found to pose a risk to the developing fetus.
Teeth Staining
Tetracycline taken after the fourth month of pregnancy can cause staining of the first teeth to erupt, the "baby" teeth as well as the adult teeth. Tetracycline causes calcification that gives the teeth a yellowish, brown or grayish appearance. Enamel hypoplasia, a lack of enamel on the teeth or irregular deposits of enamel from tetracycline exposure, can also cause tooth staining. Staining does not appear to increase the risk of developing cavities, according to "Avery's Neonatology: Pathophysiology and Management of the Newborn." Tooth formation occurs in the second half of pregnancy, so tetracycline exposure early in pregnancy doesn't cause staining.
Bone Growth
Bone growth may be affected in infants exposed to tetracycline during pregnancy. This effect appears to last only as long as the medication is taken, and resolves once the medication is stopped, the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists states.
Indirect Effects
Tetracycline in pregnancy can cause tetracycline-induced hepatotoxicity, a serious pregnancy complication that can indirectly affect the fetus by leading to premature delivery and, in some cases, stillbirth, Drug Safety Society states.
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