The lining that covers the surface of the eye, called conjunctiva, also lines the underside of the eyelids. Some eye conditions may affect this lining and cause swelling and redness of the lids, and also to the white of the eye. Swollen, red eyelids may also result from other conditions that do not involve the conjunctiva. Knowing some of the causes of red, swollen lids can help determine necessary treatment.
Allergies
Eye allergies can cause the eyelids to turn red and swell as a result of the immune response to an allergen. Common allergens, such as pollen and pet dander, may result in redness and swollen lids, but some people may have the symptoms as a result of an allergic reaction to a medication or a chemical that comes in contact with the eye, explains The University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center. Other symptoms may include itching, burning, excessive tearing or discharge. An over-the-counter allergy medication will often help clear up these symptoms, as well as the swollen lids. Some people may require allergy eye drops or prescription-strength medication to clear up the symptoms. If eyelid redness and swelling does not recede, a person should contact an eye care professional for an evaluation.
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis, which many people refer to as "pink eye," often results in red, swollen eyelids. The surface of the eye typically has a bright red appearance, and the eye may feel itchy and painful and have a thick discharge. Viral infections, such as the common cold, or bacterial infections can cause conjunctivitis. Both types of this eye infection spread easily. A warm compress---using a washcloth held under warm water, with the excess water squeezed out---may offer some relief from eyelid swelling. Individuals should hold the compress to the affected eye for around five minutes, and repeat the process as often as necessary throughout the day. Since conjunctivitis spreads easily, if the infection is in one eye, the unaffected eye should not be touched with the washcloth, warns MayoClinic.com. Conjunctivitis will typically resolve on its own without treatment, but some people may require medicated eye drops to resolve the infection and improve symptoms.
Orbital Cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis results from an infection in the tissues around the eye. Inflammation occurs in these tissues, often causing visible swelling of the eyelids and cheek. The infection may also affect the tissues behind the eye, including the muscles that control eye movement. Not only will the eyelids appear swollen, but they may have a red or purple appearance. Other symptoms might include a fever, pain, vision changes, fatigue or pain with eye movement, reports MedlinePlus. If left untreated, the infection may spread to other locations and cause serious complications. Doctors will often hospitalize a patient with orbital cellulitis, using IV antibiotics to treat this serious infection.
