A leg cramp results when a muscle involuntarily contracts and fails to release. Muscle cramps that develop in the legs are a painful but normal occurrence. A muscle spasm that occurs in the thighs or lower calves area is frequently called a charley horse. Leg spams are often diet, health or injury related conditions, according to Medline Plus, a service of the National Institutes of Health. Leg spasms can be treated by massaging the affected area and stretching the muscle.
Diet-Related Cramps
According to The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library, a healthy diet that includes a substantial amount of calcium can effectively prevent certain ailments such as leg cramps. Chemicals in foods and liquids that hinder calcium absorption include sugars and caffeine. MedlinePlus reports that other diet-related leg cramp predictors include dehydration and low levels of sodium, magnesium and potassium. It is important to ensure that substantial levels of these minerals appear in daily diets, especially for people who exercise regularly or live an active lifestyle. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons explains that insufficient amounts of vitamin E may also trigger leg cramps, although research is currently ongoing.
Injury-Related Cramps
Tired, overworked or torn muscles often contribute to cramps, according to MedlinePlus. Repetitive movement injuries, inflammation in adjacent tendons and stress fractures in adjacent bones can also cause leg cramps. Athletes who perform in strenuous activities such as long distance running and wrestling frequently experience leg cramps. On the opposite end of the activity spectrum, remaining in the same position for extended amounts of time or applying sustained pressure on a leg muscle can also contribute to cramping.
Health-Related Cramps
Several health-related diseases and conditions can cause leg cramps. Atherosclerosis is a medical condition that inhibits blood circulation to muscles, which deprives them of oxygen and can trigger cramps, according to MayoClinic.com. Blood clots can also cause leg cramps, particularly those resulting from prolonged bed rest. Soft tissue and bone infections frequently cause muscle cramps because bacteria can spread to surrounding muscles. Nerve damage caused by alcoholism, diabetes and smoking can cause recurrent leg cramps. In addition, varicose veins are known to trigger leg cramps with associated pain.
