The feet are composed of nerves, ligaments and bones. Damage to any of these body structures can result in symptoms of numbness, tingling and pain. Simple causes of foot numbness include wearing shoes that restrict movement, sitting in one position for too long, or overuse of the feet from sports such as long distance running and basketball. According to MayoClinic.com, conditions such as peripheral artery disease, diabetes and neuromas may cause numbness in the foot.
Neuropathies and Diabetes
Diabetes is a medical condition that affects the body's blood glucose levels and functions. Almost 70 percent of people with diabetes experience nerve disorders such as neuropathy, according to the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. Neuropathy refers to nerve problems that are caused in different areas of the human body, which typically affect lower extremities such as the legs and feet. Diabetes patients sometimes experience sensation loss in the feet that is accompanied by numbness, pain and tingling. Diabetic neuropathy results from a compromised immune system, low levels of insulin, high levels of glucose, smoking and alcohol use. Patients who suspect these medical conditions as the cause of foot numbness should contact a medical professional immediately.
Peripheral Artery Disease
Decreased blood flow, often caused by narrowing of the blood vessels, can lead to poor circulation and nerve damage. MedlinePlus explains that peripheral artery disease is characterized by arterial hardening and plaque formation within the artery walls, which forces the legs to work harder to maintain proper oxygenation during rest or movement. As a result, the body is unable to process oxygen and blood flow, leading to numbness and tingling of the feet, toes and legs. Lifestyle changes such as monitoring alcohol, smoking, and glucose and insulin levels can reduce the risk of foot numbness associated with peripheral artery disease.
Neuromas
A neuroma is characterized by nerve inflammation or swelling of the foot, usually impacting the toes and then other areas of the foot. Repetitive trauma to the foot, shoes causing pressure to the foot and other foot injuries contribute to foot numbness development from a neuroma. The Cleveland Clinic explains that neuromas can cause foot numbness and pain after movement such as walking or running. Most cases of neuroma are treated without surgery with anti-inflammatory medications, applying ice or wearing better-fitting shoes. If surgery is the only option, permanent foot numbness could occur from nerve removal.
