Shortness of breath can be described as breathlessness, feeling as though you can't get enough air, and difficulty breathing. Sometimes, shortness of breath can be normal, such as after exercise or if you have a bad cold and your nasal passages are blocked. Other times, it can indicate a problem with the heart, lungs, or other body systems. If you experience difficulty breathing, it is important to see your doctor promptly for evaluation and testing.
Heart Conditions
Many heart conditions can cause shortness of breath, because there is not enough oxygen being pumped to the organs of the body. Examples of these conditions include heart attack, heart failure, heart defects and arrhythmias. Coronary artery disease can also reduce the amount of oxygen-rich blood that circulates through the body. Anemia is a condition when there are not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen. If you experience shortness of breath along with chest pain or heart palpitations, seek emergency help right away.
Lung Conditions
Various lung diseases and conditions can cause shortness of breath. Asthma is a disease that causes difficulty breathing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Bronchitis and bronchiolitis cause inflammation of the tubes that carry air through the lungs. When these tiny tubes become inflamed or infected, shortness of breath often occurs. Pneumonia and tuberculosis are infections that can cause difficulty breathing. A blood clot in the lung, lung cancer and emphysema are other pulmonary causes.
Other Conditions
Environmental factors, such as pollution, pollen and humidity, can cause shortness of breath in susceptible people. Limit the time spent outdoors if these factors are present and bothering you. If you are allergic to something in the environment, medication may help. In some cases, shortness of breath may indicate an anaphylactic reaction to an allergen, such as a particular food, medication or insect bite. If your shortness of breath is accompanied by swelling of the mouth or tongue or wheezing, call 911 immediately.
Anxiety or panic attacks can manifest as a feeling that you can't get enough air. Relaxation techniques, counseling and medication can help you to overcome these feelings.
Obesity can also cause shortness of breath, as can a sedentary lifestyle. Talk to your doctor about safe ways to become more active and lose weight if this is the cause of your breathing difficulty.
