Orthodontic braces are used to straighten teeth and correct malocclusion, which is an uneven "bite" resulting from crooked teeth and overcrowding of teeth in the mouth. Even people with straight teeth sometimes have to wear braces to correct a bad bite that results from misalignment of the jaw. Several types of braces are available for children and adults. All but the invisible braces use a thin arch wire, held by brackets, to move the teeth into alignment.
Metal
Conventional braces are formed with silver or gold colored rectangular metal brackets that are glued to the front of each tooth. Brackets also come in fun shapes, like soccer balls and flowers. A metal arch wire is held onto the brackets by ligatures (tiny, o-shaped rubber bands). The arch wire is usually changed after the first year because different types of wires are used to move the crowns of the teeth first and then the roots. Ligatures come in a variety of colors and since they are changed on a monthly basis, children especially like to change colors from time to time. Standard metal braces are typically the least expensive types of orthodontic braces.
Lingual
Lingual brackets are metal brackets that are attached to the back of the teeth so they cannot be seen. They are more expensive than standard metal braces because each bracket must be custom-shaped to fit the back of each tooth. Lingual braces required more of an adjustment period because they can interfere with swallowing and speaking until you get used to them. Initially, they can also irritate the inside of the mouth and tongue.
Ceramic
Braces made from ceramic composite are designed to blend in with your tooth color so they are less noticeable than metal braces. Clear or white ligatures are used to attach the arch wire to the ceramic brackets. These ligatures often become stained, but they are changed every time you see your orthodontist for a follow up, which is usually once a month.
Translucent
Translucent brackets are made from clear, monocrystalline sapphire, a material that is resistant to staining or breaking. A translucent arch wire is also used. Translucent braces blend in best on pure white teeth.
Invisible
Invisible braces (brand name Invisalign) are clear plastic retainers made from molds of the teeth. They are used to fix minor misalignments. An initial impression is taken and from that, a number of retainers are made. Each is worn for two weeks and then it is replaced by a slightly tighter mold. It takes the same amount of time to straighten teeth with this retainer method as it does with conventional braces.
