The kidneys are a pair of organs located in the lower abdomen on each side of the spine that make up part of the urinary tract. The kidneys are responsible for making urine by removing wastes and fluid from the blood. Kidney cancer develops when extra cells accumulate in the kidneys as a result of excess cell growth or decreased cell destruction. Aggressive kidney cancer is cancer that develops rapidly and may affect other areas of the body.
Types
There are several types of kidney cancer. The most common type is called renal cell carcinoma, which begins in the lining of a kidney structure called the renal tubule. Another type of cancer that can affect the kidneys is called transitional cell carcinoma, which begins in a structure called the renal pelvis. Aggressive kidney cancer usually spreads from its origination area to nearby lymph nodes, as well as the lungs, bones and liver, according to the National Cancer Institute.
Risk Factors
The risk of developing aggressive kidney cancer increases with age. The National Cancer Institute notes that kidney cancer usually affects people over the age of 40. Men are more likely to develop kidney cancer than women, and smoking increases the chance even more. Those who are obese or have chronic high blood pressure are also at an increased risk. Dialysis treatment for kidney failure can also lead to the development of kidney cancer.
Symptoms
Because aggressive kidney cancer spreads rapidly, symptoms may develop quickly. Possible symptoms of aggressive kidney cancer include blood in the urine, lower back pain, weight loss, fatigue, swelling of the abdomen and fever. Some people may also experience constipation, intolerance to cold and changes in vision. Females may experience excessive hair growth as well, according to MedlinePlus.
Treatment
Treatment for aggressive kidney cancer usually involves removing part of the kidney or the entire kidney. Depending on how far the cancer has spread, surrounding tissues or the bladder may also be removed. Hormone therapy may also be used. MedlinePlus notes that chemotherapy and radiation therapy are generally not effective in treating aggressive kidney cancer. The cancer cannot be cured unless all cancerous tumors are physically removed from the body.
Considerations
The National Cancer Institute notes that consistent follow-up care is recommended for those who have undergone kidney cancer treatment. Even after treatment, some cancer cells remain in the body and can cause the cancer to return.
