Clubfoot disease is a term used to describe different conditions where the foot is abnormally twisted out of shape or position. The foot is turned at such a sharp degree, near the ankle, that it resembles a golf club. According to the Mayo Clinic, clubfoot disease is a common birth defect that doesn't affect the overall health of the newborn.
Causes
Currently, there is no known cause for clubfoot disease. At some point, while still in the womb, the foot twists or turns during the fetus' developmental stages. In some cases, other serious birth defects like spina bifida can cause a clubfoot condition.
Symptoms
The symptom of clubfoot disease is a noticeable twist in the baby's foot. Typically, the foot is twisted downward and inward. The result of this twist has the heel pointing inward and increases the foot's arch. The calf muscle becomes underdeveloped which can lead to the leg becoming shorter. Also, the clubfoot can be up to 1 centimeter shorter than the normal foot according to the Mayo Clinic. However, clubfoot disease doesn't cause any serious pain or discomfort.
Complications
Complications typically don't arise until the child starts to walk. The child may also experience limitations in mobility, smaller shoe sizes and difficulties with balance. If the condition goes untreated, it can lead to severe disability and increased risk of arthritis. Painful sores and calluses can also form due to the walking and applying of pressure on the top of the foot instead of the soles.
Diagnosis
When a baby is born, the clubfoot is highly visible. X-rays may be taken as soon as possible to verify the diagnosis and to make sure that the bone is not broken. An x-ray will also help the doctor determine how severe the clubfoot disease is. Ultrasounds are also used to detect any possible birth defects including clubfoot disease. However, no treatments can be done until the baby is born.
Treatment
There are two major ways to treat clubfoot disease: the Ponseti method and surgery. The Ponseti method is a process where the foot is stretched and casted for several weeks. After the foot is properly aligned, the child will need to wear special braces and shoes for a few years.
Depending on how severe the clubfoot is, surgery might be the best option. The surgery is designed to lengthen the tendons to help the foot return to a normal alignment. Special shoes and braces are required for at least year to prevent and possible returning of deformities.
