Diabetes starts in the pancreas, but can cause complications in several areas of the body. Skin is often susceptible to complications of uncontrolled diabetes. If blood glucose (sugar) levels are allowed to fluctuate and aren't kept stable with medication and lifestyle changes, a number of skin problems may result.
People with diabetes need to be sure not only to keep blood glucose levels under control to reduce their risk of skin problems and other complications, but also to check their skin frequently to spot any problems early on.
Fungal Infections
People with diabetes are more susceptible to developing fungal infections of the skin. A fungus called Candida albicans thrives in areas of the skin that are dark, warm and moist, says the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Fungal skin infections usually look like red patches of skin that itch and may also have scaly patches or even blisters. It commonly occurs in between toes and fingers, beneath the breasts, in the groin, beneath the armpits and on the skin at the corner of the mouth. Vaginal yeast infections, ringworm and athlete's foot are also common among diabetics.
Bacterial Infections
Diabetics are also more vulnerable to developing bacterial infections on the skin. Sties in the eye are common, as are infected hair follicles and infections beneath and around the nails. Cuts and scrapes can quickly become infected, causing an infection deep in the skin. It's important to treat bacterial infections quickly in diabetics to prevent a serious, systemic (affecting the whole body) infection.
Diabetic Dermopathy
Sometimes, people with diabetes will develop small, round- or oval-shaped patches of light brown skin. They may appear scaly in texture. This skin condition is called diabetic dermopathy, which occurs when fluctuating blood sugars cause the blood vessels to change. It's not a serious condition and doesn't require treatment, the ADA says.
Thinning Skin
Thinning skin on the legs is often a sign of a serious problem called atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. Other symptoms include shiny, hairless skin on the legs and toenails that are thicker and change color. Atherosclerosis increases the risk of heart disease and cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke.
Thickening Skin on the Hands
A condition called digital sclerosis is characterized by thick, tightening skin on the backs of the hands. This condition is common in diabetics whose blood glucose levels are poorly managed and fluctuate. The skin becomes waxy in appearance and makes joints in the fingers stiff and difficult to move.
Getting Treatment
There are a number of different skin conditions that affect diabetics, but what diabetics need to understand is that any skin issue is probably a big issue that needs to be addressed. It's a sign that the diabetes is poorly managed, and that they are at risk of other health complications. Diabetics should check their skin frequently for any problems and see their doctor about anything that looks suspicious.
