The recommendation for the 2010-2011 flu season in the United States is to vaccinate all pregnant women in all stages of pregnancy, even healthy women with no medical concerns. This has been supported by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, or ACOG, and the American Academy of Pediatrics, or AAP. Studies as to specific complications of the flu vaccine in pregnant women are not well documented by current literature. The risks of vaccination are weighed against the risks of influenza infection. (See Referrences 1)
Effects
There can be serious and even life threatening complications of the flu including pneumonia, dehydration and high fever. Because of the changes to a woman's immune system during pregnancy and the added strain on her heart and lungs, pregnant women are more likely need to be hospitalized from flu complications than healthy women who are not pregnant. Flu shots are safe and recommended at all stages of pregnancy. All pregnant women are advised to get a flu shot if they are pregnant of have a newborn during flu season, advises the March of Dimes.
Considerations
Influenza usually presents with fever, body aches, malaise, headache, fatigue and upper respiratory symptoms. Illnesses caused by the influenza virus often look like other viral diseases. To diagnose the flu, specific laboratory diagnostic testing is required. Flu is spread primarily through airborne transmission and by direct contact with an infected person. The incubation period is two to three days, and sickness usually lasts about a week. Some complications of flu include pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, encephalitis, Reye syndrome, myocarditis, or pericarditis. (See References 1)
Prevention
There are many ways pregnant women can prevent the spread of the flu virus. Frequent hand washing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, using tissues to cough and sneeze and avoiding touching of the face and eyes while in public places are all practical ways to avoid becoming infected with the flu and other illnesses. Encouraging others to get vaccinated will also prevent the spread of the virus, and it will help to protect the expectant mother and child.
Pregnant with the Flu
A pregnant woman who gets sick and suspects the flu should seek advice from her doctor or nurse practitioner. An antiviral medication may be prescribed to assist in shortening the length of the illness. Rest, lots of fluids and careful use of over-the counter medications, with advice from a doctor or pharmacist are usually enough to relieve symptoms until the virus runs its course. If there are more severe symptoms, such as dehydration, severe pain, constant cough and high fever, admission to a hospital may be necessary.
Warning
When considering a flu vaccine, discuss the options with a health care professional to ensure that the best choice is made. There are several forms of the flu vaccine in the United States. The only one that has not been approved for use in pregnant women is the nasal spray. This form of the vaccine consists of live attenuated virus and is not recommended for use by pregnant women, the March of Dimes says.
