Everyone can be forgetful at times, but as seniors age, impaired memory and cognitive function can be signs of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, degenerative neurological condition that causes symptoms of forgetfulness, confusion, difficulty concentrating or solving problems, and changes in language skills. Though loved ones, friends and neighbors may begin to notice these symptoms, only a doctor can perform the necessary tests to help diagnose Alzheimer's disease.
How it's Done
Step 1
See a doctor. There are a number of different types of doctors who can diagnose Alzheimer's disease. You can visit a primary care physician for an initial diagnosis, or see a psychologist or neurologist with training in diseases like Alzheimer's. A caregiver or loved one should accompany the person showing symptoms, and be prepared to offer details about symptoms and answer questions from the doctor.
Step 2
Give a medical history. The doctor will ask about the person's personal and family medical history. He'll want to know if Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia run in the family, or if there was an illness or injury that could be responsible for the Alzheimer's symptoms.
Step 3
Undergo a mental status exam. The only way to truly confirm Alzheimer's disease is through an autopsy after death, but screening tests are a valuable tool for doctors looking to make the best possible diagnosis. There are two types of mental status tests, including the mini-mental state exam and the mini-cognitive exam. These tests involve a series of questions (such as repeating words in a sequence, counting backward in a pattern and identifying things like the date and location of the doctor's office).
Step 4
Perform physical exams. Blood and urine samples will be collected to look for any physical markers of another cause of the symptoms, and an imaging scan of the brain is typically performed as well. Brain imaging tests look for other causes, like tumors or signs of stroke damage.
Step 5
Rule out the other causes. Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease is really a process of elimination. The doctor will evaluate the results of the brain scan, mental status exam, physical exam and tests, and the medical history to determine if Alzheimer's disease is the most likely cause of the symptoms. Though Alzheimer's disease can't be cured, there are medications available to help slow the progression of the disease.
Tips and Warnings
- The earlier Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed, the more effective the medications may be at slowing the progression of the disease. As soon as symptoms are spotted, get a diagnosis and start treatment for the best possible results.
- People with Alzheimer's may not be able to live alone and care for themselves. For safety, start thinking about alternative living options to keep a loved one with Alzheimer's disease safe.
Things You'll Need
- Detailed list of symptoms
- Recorded medical history
- Blood sample
- Urine sample
- Brain imaging test results
