Intrauterine Device Information

Overview

An intrauterine device, or IUD, is a birth control device that is implanted in the uterus. Your health care provider will perform a pelvic exam and make sure that you are not pregnant before inserting the IUD.

How It Works

The IUD works by stopping sperm from getting to the egg and by stopping a fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus.

Types

The ParaGard IUD is made of copper and does not contain hormones. According to UC Davis Student Health Services, the Mirena IUD contains hormones that thicken cervical mucus.

Usage

Your health care provider will teach you how to check to make sure the IUD is in place by feeling for a string that is attached to the device. This should be done monthly.

Benefits

According to UC Davis Student Health Services, the ParaGard IUD can be left in place for up to 12 years, the Mirena IUD up to 5 years, and they do not affect future fertility. They are also very effective; less than one percent of women using an IUD will become pregnant each year.

Side Effects

ParaGard IUDs can cause heavier or longer menstrual periods, which may lead to anemia. Mirena IUDs may reduce bleeding or even cause menstrual periods to stop. Some women, especially those who have never given birth, may experience cramping and pain upon insertion.

Risks

Rarely, the insertion of the IUD can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, which can in some cases cause future fertility problems. Another possible risk is perforation of the uterus during insertion.