Cold stress refers to the effect severely cold temperatures have on the body. Types of cold stress include frostbite, hypothermia, trench foot and chilblains. Some individuals may be more susceptible to cold stress than others. Individuals unaccustomed to cold climates, infants, children and the elderly may be more susceptible to cold stress than others. Early signs of cold stress include shivering, lethargy, confusion, disorientation and slowed motor reactions and coordination. As cold stress progresses, an individual may stop shivering. Their skin may appear blue, the pupils may dilate and the pulse and breathing slow and even resulting in the individual losing consciousness. According to the Electronic Library of Construction Occupational Safety and Health, individuals who work outside in subzero weather should be prepared with a first aid kid containing a warming or thermal blanket. Preventing cold stress is important, but treatment can be successful if it begins at the first sign of concern.
Step 1
Remove the individual from the cold immediately, if possible. This can include placing him behind a structure that will block the wind.
Step 2
Add warmth to the person's body. If using a commercial warming blanket, activate the warming packs and place them in the pockets within the blanket. Most warming packs activate when opened and exposed to air. Some can even be reused.
Step 3
Apply the warming blanket to the center of the body first. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it is best to place the blanket first on the head, neck, chest and groin. If using a fleece or wool blanket, wrap the individual with the blanket, focusing on the head and chest. Hot water bottles can be applied to the same central locations to increase body temperature.
Step 4
Monitor the individual for improvement or deterioration. Call for medical attention if possible or take the individual to the hospital. When left untreated, cold stress can lead to skin infection and loss of limbs, fingers or toes.
Tips and Warnings
- Warm beverages can help increase body temperature. In the event that the individual fell into icy water, remove her wet clothes one piece at a time and replace with dry clothing. This is not recommended if the individual is still outside. Prevent exposure of bare, wet skin.
- Do not give the individual alcohol, as this does not increase body temperature. Do not hesitate to call for medical assistance, as cold stress can be life-threatening. Cold stress can increase in severity rapidly and without visible signs.
Things You'll Need
- Commercial warming blanket
- Fleece or wool blanket with hot water bottle or warming packs
