Age spots are a type of skin blemish; they are the result of prolonged exposure to the sun. The gray, brown or black spots usually pose no threat to your health. However, it is important to monitor these spots, and any other blemishes, to ensure that they are not something more serious.
Definition
Age spots, also known as liver spots, are flat spots that appear on the skin, usually on the face, hands, shoulders and arms. Age spots are gray, brown or black in color. While age spots can affect anyone, they generally appear on people over the age of 40. They often appear with other signs of skin damage, such as wrinkles and dry, rough skin. While age spots cause no harm, you can treat these blemishes for cosmetic reasons.
Causes
Age spots are the result of sun damage. When ultraviolet light hits the skin, it promotes the production of melanin, the pigment in the skin that gives your skin its normal color. An overproduction of melanin creates dark or tanned skin. When extra melanin becomes "clumped" or grouped together, it creates age spots. Usually, age spots take many years to develop. Genetics, as well as simply growing older, also can create extra melanin and cause age spots.
Diagnosis
Age spots are usually harmless and do not require treatment. However, if they change color or shape, consult your doctor. If the spot gets darker, increases in size or has an irregular border, it can be a sign of melanoma, a type of skin cancer. Your doctor will visually inspect your skin and may take a biopsy to form a proper diagnosis.
Treatment
If you wish to treat your age spots, there are several options. Laser therapy destroys the cells that create the dark pigment. Medication can gradually fade the appearance of age spots over several months. Dermabrasion, in which the top layers of skin are removed, also can help. Other treatment options include chemical peels and cryotherapy. These treatments vary in effectiveness, and some can cause side effects.
Prevention
The best treatment for age spots is simply to prevent them from appearing. Minimize your sun exposure. If you do go outside in the sun, always wear sunscreen of at least 15 SPF, and reapply whenever necessary. In addition, wear protective clothing such as hats and long-sleeved shirt when possible.
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