What Cerebral Palsy Is
Cerebral palsy is not a single condition, but rather a group of one or more neurological disorders that leads to a set of problems. In fact, United Cerebral Palsy states that cerebral palsy "is not a disease, and should not be referred to as such." The disorders that cause cerebral palsy usually cause these symptoms: difficulty with muscular control, such as spasticity, stiffness or tightness; postural problems; decreased muscle coordination; involuntary movements; and difficulties with walking.
Some cases are more severe than others. One person with cerebral palsy may be able to live an independent life, while another may have to depend on others for simple tasks such as feeding and moving.
Cerebral Palsy in the Womb
The exact cause of cerebral palsy is not entirely understood. According to Mayo Clinic research, however, many cases can be traced back to problems before birth. In fact, United Cerebral Palsy reports that up to 90 percent of cases begin before birth. Low birth weight, blood incompatibility and certain bacterial infections increase the risk of cerebral palsy during pregnancy. The risk is also increased if the pregnant mother has measles, chicken pox, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis or syphilis.
Measles and chicken pox are usually preventable if the mother has been vaccinated prior to her pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus is a fairly common condition that causes flu symptoms, and often comes and goes throughout life. However, if contracted during pregnancy, it can lead to certain birth defects, including cerebral palsy.
Toxoplasmosis can infect women who come into contact with cat feces or contaminated soil during pregnancy.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that can cause many types of birth defects, including cerebral palsy.
Cerebral Palsy in Infants
Cerebral palsy is not always traceable to complications during pregnancy. United Cerebral palsy reports that about 10 percent of cases develop during infancy. Cerebral palsy can develop after a stroke or exposure to meningitis or encephalitis. It can also be caused by severe, untreated jaundice. Lack of oxygen during birth may play a role, though the Mayo Clinic reports that this is not common. Exposure to chemicals or other infections that are known to cause brain development problems are also potential causes of cerebral palsy.
Cerebral Palsy Prevention
While cerebral palsy may not be completely preventable, many causes can be avoided with regular doctor visits and a few simple precautions during pregnancy. Pregnant women should avoid handling chemicals and toxins and should not be changing the litter box. Checking immunization records and blood compatibility with the fetus may also prevent some cases. Avoiding gestational diabetes may also help prevent cerebral palsy. Finally, pregnant women should avoid taking any unapproved medications and should treat any infections promptly.
