Drug abuse often affects not only the abuser, but also the people and environment the abuser comes into contact with. Because of this, many businesses, schools, hospitals and other organizations conduct drug testing to keep their environment drug-free. While some consider the practice intrusive, a violation of fundamental individual rights, drug testing is often initiated and justified for reasons of safety.
Types
The most common drug test performed is a urine test, according to the Inc. website. Other drug tests use oral fluids, sweat, blood, breath or hair samples. Most testing programs focus only on the most commonly abused drugs in order to limit the cost of testing. These include marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, PCP and opiates, according to the United States Department of Labor. However, drug tests are also available for many other illicit and prescription drugs.
Time Frame
Drug testing can only detect a person's use of a drug within a certain amount of time, explains the United States Department of Labor. Amphetamines are generally only detectable through a drug test within 48 hours of use, whereas barbiturate use can be detected within 10 days of use. Benzodiazepines can be detected up to three weeks after use, while cocaine is generally only detectable for 10 days after use. Morphine, methamphetamine and methadone use can be detected up to three days after use. Generally, heroin, LSD and alcohol can only be detected on the same day of use.
Schools
Although drug testing has been a part of many workplaces for quite some time, a number of schools are now also initiating drug testing. Schools may require a student to undergo a drug test if the student is exhibiting physical symptoms of being under the influence, has patterns of erratic behavior or is in possession of an illicit substance. Schools can also conduct random drug testing on students who participate in competitive extracurricular activities, notes the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Legality
The legal issues surrounding drug testing can vary slightly from state to state. Although the 1998 Drug Free Workplace Act supports drug testing on a federal level, states are able to regulate drug testing as they see fit. Business owners or schools who are interested in implementing drug testing should research state regulations before designing their policy. Individuals with questions regarding the taking of a drug test should contact a local attorney in their state for advice.
Misconceptions
A positive drug test does not necessarily mean a person is abusing illicit drugs. Some prescription medications or foods may trigger a positive result on a drug test, particularly if the "cut-off level" of the drug test is set low, according to the United States Department of Labor. Businesses and schools conducting drug tests should keep this in mind and have a professional available to look into these types of cases when they arise.
