High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and low-density-lipoproteins (LDLs) are the two forms of cholesterol that get the most attention when it comes to coronary heart disease. LDLs can contribute to heart disease while HDLs help protect against it.
Identification
HDL and LDL cholesterol levels are identified by a combination blood test known as a lipid (fat) profile that measures total cholesterol, triglycerides (fats) and HDL and LDL cholesterol levels.
Function
LDL cholesterol sticks to artery walls and contributes to the build-up of plaque that can lead to a heart attack. HDLs pull cholesterol from the bloodstream to the liver for excretion.
Significance
Total, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels are indicators of heart health. The higher your HDLs, the less risk you have of developing heart disease; the higher your LDLs, the higher your risk.
Goals
Aim for 60 mg/dL or higher HDL cholesterol levels and 100 mg/dL or below LDL cholesterol levels, especially if you are at risk of heart disease due to other factors, such as family history, according to American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines.
Solution
To lower LDL cholesterol, the AHA also recommends eating a high-fiber, low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol diet and if you are overweight, lose weight. To increase HDL levels, the AHA recommendation is to exercise often and if you smoke, quit.
