Blood pressure is a measurement of how your heart beats (systolic pressure) and the pressure of the blood moving through the veins between beats (diastolic pressure). The formulation of blood pressure is systolic over the diastolic and is noted as mmHg (millimeters of mercury). The National Institutes of Health (NIH) defines normal blood pressure as 120/80. Blood pressure is considered high at readings of 140/90 or higher. There are many causes of high blood pressure, which is also called hypertension.
Racial Background
The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) explains that racial background can increase the risk of high blood pressure. African Americans are more likely to develop high blood pressure than other groups and may see the increase at a younger age.
Stress
Hormone production, including the hormone cortisol, which is associated with stress, can affect blood pressure. People who are under emotional duress may experience an increase of high blood pressure that may be temporary or become permanent.
Diet
A poor diet can lead to hypertension in some cases. High levels of sodium in the diet, as well as drinking more than a moderate amount of alcohol (one to two drinks per day), can cause an increase in blood pressure.
Weight
People who are overweight have an increased risk of developing high blood pressure. Losing weight and exercising may be able to help stabilize high blood pressure without the need for medications.
Overall Health
The overall health of a person plays a role in blood pressure. Secondary hypertension can occur when other medical problems are present and not well managed. Kidney disease and diabetes are two examples.
