Of the estimated 1.1 million people in the United States living with HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, approximately 20 percent don't know they have the infection, according to a 2008 CDC report. An HIV may remain undiagnosed because early symptoms can be difficult to detect. In certain instances, people in the early stages of HIV may not exhibit any noticeable symptoms at all. To ensure a prompt diagnosis, sexually active people should receive regular screening for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.
Fatigue
People infected with this virus may experience increased or excessive fatigue as a common early symptom. Tiredness or fatigue may emerge approximately two to four weeks following initial infection with the virus, according to MayoClinic.com. Affected people may appear lethargic or may be uninterested in participating in their usual physical activities. Fatigue may also make it difficult for people with HIV to remain alert, attentive or focused during daily activities.
Swollen Lymph Glands
People with HIV may develop unusually enlarged, puffy or swollen lymph glands during the early stage of infection. The lymph glands are part of the lymphatic system and help protect the body by removing pathogenic substances such as viruses and bacteria from the bloodstream. People may notice small, protruding masses from the neck or groin or underneath the armpit. Swelling of the lymph glands is typically painless, though some people may experience mild sensations of tenderness.
Fever and Headache
Fever is a normal immune response generated by the body in response to infection with a foreign invader, including HIV. Elevating the body's core temperature helps limit the spread of the infection through the body. People with HIV commonly develop a fever a few weeks after infection, MedlinePlus reports. Fever may also cause headache pain, flushing, excessive sweating or chills.
Skin Rash
The appearance of a skin rash is a common early symptom of HIV, reports the AIDS Education and Training Centers. Affected people may develop small, red patches of skin across their body, which may appear dry or begin to itch.
Sore Throat
Early symptoms of HIV may also include a sore throat. The back of the throat may appear red or inflamed. Throat discomfort may make it difficult for patients to swallow, and can contribute to a temporary loss of appetite.
