LDL, or low-density lipoprotein, is one of the five categories of lipoproteins used by the body to transport lipids, such as cholesterol, through the bloodstream. These lipoproteins encapsulate cholesterol, which would normally separate from the blood, and allow it to travel to where it is needed within the body. Because of the tendency for LDL to release excess cholesterol into the blood, forming plaque on the walls of the arteries, it is known as "bad cholesterol."
Vascular Effects
The cholesterol released by LDL cannot travel freely in the bloodstream and collects in the arteries that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. The cholesterol gradually forms plaque that narrows the artery, making it more difficult for the heart to pump blood through. The formation of plaque can lead to a hardening of the arterial walls, called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis can have a variety of symptoms, depending on which artery is effected. Atherosclerosis can lead to a number of other diseases of the heart, brain and limbs.
Dietary Sources
Many common foods are high in LDL cholesterol. Organ meats, especially the brain, and fatty cuts of beef contain the highest concentration of LDL cholesterol. Duck and goose are also high in LDL. Coconut oil and palm oil, while containing less cholesterol than meats, can negatively affect LDL levels. Egg yolks, milk, ice cream, yogurt and cheese are also common dietary sources of LDL cholesterol. Prepackaged baked foods typically contain high amounts of egg yolks, increasing their LDL content.
Prevention/Solution
Many foods and lifestyle changes can significantly improve LDL levels. According to a 2002 study by David Jenkins and colleagues and published in "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition," a diet high in soluble fiber can drastically decrease overall cholesterol. Regular exercise, along with weight loss, is beneficial to lowering LDL. Moderate alcohol intake, specifically tannin-rich red wine, can also be an effective aid in controlling cholesterol levels.
Considerations
Many lifestyle factors, including diet, smoking and limited physical activity, contribute to high LDL concentrations, but heredity could also play a role. Diabetes, kidney disease and obesity can also increase LDL.
Warning
While there are many herbs and foods promoted as a treatment for high LDL cholesterol, you should also consult your doctor. Many herbs and home remedies interact poorly with cholesterol medications and may cause more health concerns.
References
- "Journal of Human Hypertension"; Effects of LDL Cholesterol on Vascular Function; C. Rosendorff; March 2002
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Atherosclerosis
- Dietary Fiber Food: Cholesterol
- "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"; Soluble Fiber Intake at a Dose Approved By the US Food and Drug Administration for a Claim of Health Benefits; David Jenkins et al; May 2002
