Along with calcium and potassium, the main electrolytes in the blood are sodium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate and carbonate. Electrolytes are minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge.The level of an electrolyte in the blood can become too high or too low, often when body water levels change. Doctors usually advise dietary changes or supplementation to treat low electrolyte levels.
Function
Calcium is crucial to the development of healthy bones and teeth, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. It's also required for heart, nerve and muscle function. Potassium is integral to heart function and skeletal and smooth muscle contraction, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. It's also needed for normal digestive and muscle function.
Cause
Dehydration or overhydration can change electrolyte levels. Low potassium, or hypokalemia, can result from using a diuretic, according to the Merck Manual of Health and Aging. It can also be caused by chronic diarrhea, vomiting, excessive sweating and malabsorption syndromes, such as Crohn's disease. Low calcium, or hypocalcemia, may occur when a widespread infection in blood and other tissues suddenly develops. It can also result if the body produces less parathyroid hormone, which can occur after neck surgery. Vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism or pancreatis can also cause a low calcium level. People at risk of calcium deficiency include postmenopausal women and those with malabsorption problems, celiac disease or surgical intestinal resection. People who consume large amounts of caffeine, alcohol or soda and those who take corticosteroid medications may also be at risk. Magnesium deficiency is also associated with low levels of calcium and potassium in the blood.
Symptoms
Mild potassium deficiency rarely causes symptoms. More severe deficiency can result in increased blood sugar, fatigue, confusion and muscle cramps. A very low level can cause abnormal heart rhythms, or arrythmias, and paralysis. Low calcium can cause weakness and numbness in the hands and feet. It may also result in confusion or seizures.
Blood Pressure
High blood pressure, or hypertension, affects one in four American adults, according to the Colorado State University Extension. High blood pressure can be controlled through dietary changes. People with high blood pressure should eat potassium-rich foods and decrease sodium intake. People with low calcium levels may also be at risk for high blood pressure.
Sources
Rich sources of calcium include cheeses, dairy products, tofu and blackstrap molasses. Other good sources include almonds, Brazil nuts, cabbage, kelp, broccoli and dark leafy greens. Some foods are also fortified with calcium. Most people can get sufficient potassium from a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. It's also found in legumes, meats and some fish, including salmon, cod and flounder. Especially good sources include bananas, avocados, tomatoes and lima beans. Supplements should be taken under a doctor's supervision.
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