A sprained ankle, caused by a stretch or tear in an ankle ligament, is an uncomfortable but common injury. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons notes that 25,000 people sprain their ankles every day. Sprains can be mild, with some stretching of the ligament; moderate, with partial tearingl; or severe, with the ligament completely torn. Health Scout notes that you should consult a doctor to rule out a fracture, especially if the ankle looks abnormally bent, is very swollen or discolored, or if you heard a "popping" sound.
Pain and Tenderness
At the moment of the sprain, you will probably feel a twisting sensation and sudden pain in your ankle. This is usually, but not always, followed by pain that develops within the first few minutes of the injury. Net Doctor notes that the pain can be delayed, and adds that the level of discomfort is not a reliable indicator of the amount of damage to the ligament. MayoClinic.com states that the pain normally intensifies when you try to put weight on the affected foot. The ankle will also feel more painful if you try to manipulate or move it. According to MayoClinic.com, the pain of most sprained ankles can be controlled with over-the-counter pain relievers. The immediate pain and tenderness of a sprained ankle can persist for one to four weeks; Net Doctor says that pain related to standing on the injured ankle may last for up to three months.
Swelling and Bruising
Rapid swelling, sometimes with discoloration, is a common symptom of a sprained ankle. Bleeding from damaged tissue causes the bruising that can accompany a sprain. Cooling the sprain as quickly as possible can reduce swelling and pain. MayoClinic.com advises applying an icepack and allowing it to stay in place for up to 20 minutes, repeating the treatment every three hours while you're awake. You should consult your doctor before using ice on a sprained ankle if you have vascular disease, diabetes, or decreased sensation. To avoid frostbite, place a cloth between the pack and your skin. Keeping the ankle elevated and applying an elastic bandage can also help stop swelling.
Limited Range of Motion or Instability
Swelling and pain may make it difficult to move or flex your ankle or to put weight on it. Your doctor may advise that you use an elastic bandage, or place a cast or brace around the ankle, or give you guidance on using a cane or crutches. The American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons says that a torn ligament may cause your ankle to exhibit abnormal looseness, or laxity. As a result, your ankle may wobble or feel unstable.
