Amiodarone is used for heart rhythm problems after other medications and treatments have been found ineffective. Physicians only prescribe this drug for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, or AAFP, amiodarone reduces sudden death in at-risk patients. Careful monitoring for side effects, correct dose and drug interactions is required when using this drug.
Pulmonary Toxicity
Pulmonary toxicity occurs in 2 to 17 percent of amiodarone users, notes the AAFP. This is a serious side effect that develops suddenly even after normal test results. A sudden cough that lingers and difficulty breathing that becomes worse over time are common symptoms that point to pulmonary toxicity. The treatment is always to stop amiodarone; if needed, the physician will prescribe corticosteroids. The pulmonary damage is not permanent in most cases. Doses below 300 mg per day reduce the chances of pulmonary problems, adds the AAFP.
Corneal Microdeposits
More than 90 percent of amiodarone patients develop deposits on the cornea, according to the AAFP. Though it is rare for these deposits to damage vision, continuation of the drug is usually advised. Rarely, serious effects that lead to blindness occur, so if you notice vision changes, notify the prescribing physician and see an ophthalmologist.
Thyroid Function
Amiodarone can cause thyroid problems in up to 10 percent of long-term users, notes the AAFP. The more common problem is hypothyroidism, which is an under active thyroid. If this condition appears, amiodarone is usually continued but thyroid hormone supplements are prescribed. The other end of the scale is hyperthyroidism, which is an overactive thyroid. One symptom of the overactive thyroid is rapid or irregular heartbeat. In this case, discontinuation of the medication should be considered. If this is not possible, antithyroid medication may be given or the thyroid can be surgically removed. The cause of thyroid problems is probably due in part to this drug's high iodine content, notes the AAFP.
Photosensitivity
Abnormal sensitivity to light happens to 4 to 9 percent of patients, states the AAFP. This is not considered a serious side effect, but sunblock, sunglasses and covering skin in sunlight are recommended. Long and repeated exposure to sunlight can cause the skin to turn bluish. Prevention is best as it takes three or more months after discontinuing using this medication for skin to return to normal.
Other side effects
Side effects that occur less often are slow heartbeat and liver toxicity; these call for discontinuing the drug. Nausea and weight loss occur in 30 percent of people, notes the AAFP, but this symptom may be reduced with dosage reduction.
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