Cold sores are blistering skin irritations caused by the herpes virus, according to MedlinePlus. Outbreaks of the virus, which lives permanently in an infected person's nervous system, can include temporary reductions in immunity caused by an illness, stress, hormonal changes or even exposure to sunlight. Although there is no cure for the condition, there are treatments to reduce the severity and frequency of outbreaks.
Herpes Simplex Type 1
The cause of most cold sores outside the mouth is the herpes simplex type 1 virus, which is highly contagious and very common, according to "The Complete Homeopathic Resource of Common Illnesses." Cold sores caused by the herpes simplex virus begin with tingling or burning, then become blisters, after which they crust over as they heal. Cold sores caused by herpes simplex spread through firsthand and secondhand contact with sores, such as through kissing or sharing utensils.
Herpes Simplex Type 2
Atypically, cold sores result from the herpes simplex type 2 virus, which most often affects the genital area. Causing cold sores in the same way as herpes simplex type 1, it spreads through contact with sores resulting from herpes simplex type 2. Accordingly, infections usually result from oral sex.
Treatments
Numerous treatments for cold sores can help reduce the number of breakouts as well as their severity. MayoClinic.com outlines various antiviral medications, including acyclovir, famciclovir and valacyclovir that work for both herpes simplex I and II. Antivirals are especially effective if taken early on -- usually within the first couple of weeks to months of contraction. Topical treatments such as lidocaine can provide short-term pain relief, while benzocaine can protect the blisters from any external trauma or irritation. Generally, an outbreak will clear up within two weeks of topical or antiviral treatment.
References
- MedlinePlus: Mouth Sores
- "The Complete Homeopathic Resource of Common Illnesses"; Dennis Churnin; 2006
- MayoClinic.com: Cold Sores
