Studies noted in the March 15, 2008 issue of the "Journal of Infectious Diseases," show that zinc supplements taken during the first 24 hours of a common cold can help reduce its length, according to Reuters. Over the course of a year, people in the United States suffer approximately 1 billion colds, according to 2010 information from MedlinePlus. Those affected should talk with a physician before taking any medication.
Common Cold Cause
Infectious viruses that affect the upper respiratory tract cause the common cold, according to MayoClinic.com. These viruses, which are typically spread from sneezing or coughing, enter the air floating on small droplets of water. For example, if an infected person sneezes directly next to another person, inhaling that air can infect the uninfected person. The other way the common cold virus is spread is hand-to-hand through shaking hands or using public items such as doorknobs.
Zinc Study
In the March 2008 "Journal of Infectious Diseases" zinc study reported by Reuters, one group of people was given 13.3 mg of zinc and the other group was given a placebo. The group that took the zinc supplement was free of symptoms within four days, compared to seven days in the placebo group. Zinc is still being studied in relation to the common cold and should only be used under a doctor's recommendation.
Symptoms
Fever develops as the body's way of killing the viral infection, according to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. The body's temperature may rise slightly, up to 102 degrees Fahrenheit. If it rises beyond that, those affected should seek medical advice. Headache develops as a result of an elevated temperature, and vomiting results from nausea. Other symptoms of the common cold are runny nose, sore throat and nasal congestion.
Treatment
The common cold is incurable, according to MayoClinic.com. The most effective treatment is rest and other lifestyle changes including increased sleep as often as the body feels tired, increased liquid intake and gargling with salt water to soothe a sore throat. Over-the-counter medications can be used to alleviate symptoms but will not shorten the duration of the cold. The most common medications for fever and headache are pain relievers.
Prevention
According to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the best way to prevent catching a cold, leading to a fever, headache and vomiting is to wash your hands frequently and keep them away from your mouth and nose. Disinfecting common public items, such as door knobs and telephone receivers, is another effective way to prevent the common cold. Stay current on vaccinations and avoid people who appear sick.
Complications
The common cold can lead to secondary infections such as bronchitis, sinusitis and ear infection. Due to the increased fluid in the body, other viral and bacterial infections may develop, according to MayoClinic.com. Excessive vomiting can lead to dehydration and hospitalization. A fever over 102 degrees Fahrenheit is a serious condition and needs immediate assistance. A high fever can lead to seizures and possible death.
