Body fat percentage refers to the percent of your total body weight composed of fat mass. Although too much body fat is bad for health, too little fat is also detrimental. Men and women vary in how much fat they need for proper physiological function. Understanding body composition testing and requirements allows you to make healthy decisions regarding your fitness routine.
Function
According to the book "Advanced Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription," by Vivian H. Heyward, essential lipids are needed for cell membrane formation and nonessential lipids provide thermal insulation and energy storage. Fat is also used to store and transport fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K. The nervous and reproductive systems are composed by extremely low levels of body fat.
Testing
Body fat percentage can be tested in a variety of ways. Two laboratory methods include underwater weighing in a hydrostatic tank and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, also known as DXA or DEXA. Less expensive methods include estimation using skin fold measurements or a hand held bioelectrical impedance device. Most universities provide fitness testing to the public at reduced cost.
Male Body Fat
Among physically active males between the ages of 18 and 34, a body fat percentage of five is considered low, 10 is considered mid range and 15 is high. Sedentary males of the same age should maintain a body fat percentage above eight percent and percentages over 22 are categorized as obese. Depending on fitness level, a body fat percent of six is either low for active males or too low for sedentary males. Healthy body fat ranges increase with age.
Female Body Fat
Among physically active females between the ages of 18 and 34, a body fat percentage of 16 is considered low, 23 is considered mid range and 28 percent is towards the high end. Sedentary females of the same age should maintain a body fat percentage of 20 percent and percentages above 35 are categorized as obese. Regardless of fitness level, females should not maintain a body fat percentage as low as six. As with men, healthy body fat ranges increase with age.
Considerations
The above information is based on healthy guidelines and does not replace medical advice. Many athletes maintain low body fat percentages and females with low body fat should visit a doctor if they experience a disrupted menstrual cycle. The implications of having a body fat percentage of six are specific to age, gender and fitness level.
References
- "Nutrition for Health, Fitness and Sport"; Melvin H. Williams; 2007
- "Advanced Fitness Assessment and Prescription"; Vivian H. Heyward; 2006
Member Comments