Dry eye syndrome occurs when the eye does not create enough tears to properly lubricate and moisturize the eye or the tears are of poor quality. Oil, water and mucus make up the three components of tears. The most common type of dry eye syndrome is keratoconjunctivitis sicca, when the eye creates low levels of water in tears. According to the American Optometric Association, the chronic condition often occurs as a person ages; a majority of Americans over the age of 65 experience some symptoms of dry eye.
Eyedrops
Artificial tears are simple over-the-counter eyedrops that add moisture to dry eyes. The drops relieve itching and discomfort associated with dry eye. According to the American Optometric Association, artificial tears can be added as often as needed to treat symptoms of mild dry eye. The association recommends patients use preservative-free artificial tears because they contain less chemicals that can further irritate the eye. Moderate and severe cases of dry eye require more intense treatment.
Tear Duct Plugs
Small plugs are placed into the eyes' tear ducts to prevent tears from draining. Temporary silicone plugs can be removed or left in place, advises MayoClinic.com. Thermal cautery is a permanent procedure, where a medical professional uses heat to close the eyes' tear ducts. A hot wire is placed onto the drainage tissue, which causes the tear duct to scar up and plug, states the website. Both methods keep tears in the eyes and stop the eye from drying out.
Self-Care and Home Remedies
Patients experiencing dry eye may be staring at computer screen for extended periods of time. Looking away from the screen and blinking often increases eye lubrication. It is suggested that computer users take a 10-minute break from the computer every hour to reduce eye strain. Both solutions and ointments are available to moisturize the eye. However, ointments are thick and tend to make vision difficult. MayoClinic.com suggests using ointments at bedtime so vision is not distracted. Warm compresses placed over the eyes for about five minutes wash the eye and decrease inflammation associated with dry eye. MayoClinic.com also suggests using baby shampoo or other mild soap to gently wash the eyes.
