Augmentin is the brand name for a combination drug that contains amoxicillin and clavulanate. In the U.S., GlaxoSmithKline produces three forms of Augmentin: regular tablets, an extended-release form known as Augmentin XR and a product known as Augmentin ES that has more clavulanate than the other two forms of Augmentin. The intended effects and side effects are similar for the three products.
Function
As a broad-spectrum penicillin-like antibiotic, Augmentin kills a wide range of bacteria that cause infections in multiple body systems. Some bacteria produce a substance called beta-lactamase that makes amoxicillin less effective. The clavulanate in Augmentin reduces the negative effect of beta-lactamase, allowing the amoxicillin to do a better job of fighting infection.
Desired Effects
Augmentin can quickly resolve infections of the nose, ears, throat, lower respiratory tract, skin and bladder, according to Drugs.com. It improves the chest pain and shortness of breath in patients with pneumonia, reduces the nasal congestion and headaches caused by sinus infections and eliminates the painful and frequent urination caused by bladder infections.
Adverse Effects
Augmentin can cause severe adverse effects, including a hypersensitivity reaction called anaphylaxis, disorders that threaten the integrity of the skin, a bowel complication called pseudomembranous colitis, liver disease and blood disorders, says RxList. The most common side effects are mild reactions of the skin and gastrointestinal tract.
Allergic Reactions
Augmentin allergies can trigger a variety of rashes, including a severe form known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome that causes skin layers to slough off. Milder reactions may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and a pinpoint rash called contact dermatitis, notes Health Central.
Anaphylaxis, a more serious reaction, typically starts with severe itching, hives and facial or lip swelling. It rapidly progresses to difficulty breathing or swallowing, cardiovascular collapse, respiratory compromise and even death.
Pseudomembranous colitis causes severe watery or bloody diarrhea. When the liver and blood-producing cells are affected, patients develop jaundice, anemia and clotting abnormalities.
Warnings
Individuals with demonstrated allergies to other penicillin-like antibiotics are more likely to experience adverse effects when they take Augmentin. These include ampicillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin and carbenicillin, according to RxList. People who had a severe rash or other allergic symptoms after taking cephalosporin antibiotics such as cephalexin, cefdinir and cefprozil may also develop an allergic response to Augmentin.
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