Cholesterol is a fatty substance that is naturally occurring in the body. According to the American Heart Association, a certain level of cholesterol is required for good health, but too much cholesterol in the blood can potentially lead to heart disease, heart attack and/or stroke. Cholesterol comes in two forms: high-density lipoprotein, or HDL, and low-density lipoprotein, or LDL. Understanding the difference between HDL and LDL can help you maximize your heart health.
Definition
HDL is commonly referred to as "good" cholesterol because it is believed to have a positive effect on cardiovascular health by keeping cholesterol out of the arteries. Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, is known as "bad" cholesterol. According to the American Heart Association, LDL cholesterol circulates in the blood and can build up on artery walls, forming plaque.
Function
LDL and HDL cholesterol perform two very different functions. According to the Harvard School of Public Health, LDL works to carry cholesterol from the liver through the rest of the body. Conversely, HDL works to remove LDL cholesterol from the blood and carry it back to the liver, where it can be disposed of as waste.
Sources
Both HDL and LDL are naturally occurring in the body. According to Civista Medical Center, the average adult produces 1,000 milligrams of cholesterol per day. High levels of LDL cholesterol are also thought to come from certain foods. Foods derived from animal sources, such as red meat, poultry, fish, eggs and dairy products, tend to have higher levels of cholesterol compared with foods derived from plant sources. According to the Harvard School of Public Health, fried foods or foods that are prepared using trans fats are also higher in cholesterol.
Guidelines
It's important to understand the recommended guidelines for measuring HDL and LDL cholesterol. According to the Mayo Clinic, your total cholesterol level should be 200 mg per deciliter of blood or lower. The ideal ratio of HDL cholesterol is 60 mg per deciliter or higher. The optimum level for LDL cholesterol is between 100 and 129 mg per deciliter. Generally, the higher your risk for heart disease, the lower your LDL levels should be.
Recommendations
While certain foods can increase your levels of LDL cholesterol, other foods can help to lower it. Soluble fiber, a component of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, is thought to help block the absorption of cholesterol into the bloodstream. Omega-3 fatty acids are also thought to lower cholesterol and improve heart health. According to the Cleveland Clinic, reducing your fat intake and increasing soluble fiber and omega-3 fatty acid intake can reduce your LDL.
