Many women who cannot grow long nails because their own nails are brittle or peel, turn to salons to have acrylic nails applied. Acrylic nails are composed of a liquid monomer and a powder polymer that need to be maintained every two weeks, according to TargetWoman. When acrylic nails are applied properly, there is very little risk. However, if a gap or crack forms, allowing moisture to enter, a fungus can infect the natural nail below. This can occur if the acrylic nail stays on too long or if the salon does not use sanitary tools. Fungi are found normally on the skin, along with the normal flora of bacteria; they do not pose a problem until the right conditions exist.
Color Changes
Fungal nail infections typically start out as a yellow or white spot on the nail. The nail can also lose its usual shine and luster. Over time, the entire nail plate can darken and turn brown.
Thickened Nails
A fungal infection of the nail affects the natural nail plate, the skin underneath the nail plate, or nail bed, and the skin folds around the nail, according to HealthHype.com. The nail may thicken and become brittle. The first signs of the fungal infection may not be seen because acrylic nails are opaque. Since the acrylic nail is made of synthetic material, it cannot become infected itself. Fungi require darkness, moisture and warmth in order to thrive; all three of those conditions exist underneath an acrylic nail. Once infected, the fungus quickly grows, deforming the whole nail plate.
Crumbling Nails and Debris
If not treated, the fingernails eventually start to crumble and form debris underneath the acrylics, according to MedlinePlus. Those affected by acrylic nail fungus should consult with a dermatologist or family physician. Lab tests can identify the organism causing the infection.
Separation from the Nail Bed
A prolonged fungal infection can cause the nail to loosen and separate from the nail bed in a process termed onycholysis, according to HealthHype.com. Treatment necessitates removal of the acrylic nail. Acrylic nails are removed using a chemical, acetonitrile, which can cause an infected nail bed to become irritated. Along with removal of the acrylic nail, oral or topical anti-fungal medication, such as terbinafine or ciclopirox, may be prescribed. To reduce the possibility of developing a fungus infection under acrylic nails, have them applied at a clean, licensed salon and maintain them with touch-ups and fill-ins every two weeks as recommended.
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