Preeclampsia and eclampsia are medical conditions that can occur in pregnancy. Though they are sometimes referred to as toxemias, there is no evidence that a toxin is involved in these conditions. Preeclampsia can result in too much protein in the urine, swelling, and high blood pressure. Women who had these conditions before pregnancy are more prone to preeclampsia. Toxemia usually occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy. It can be a serious complication for baby and mother.
Symptoms of Preeclampsia
According to Mayoclinic.com, these signs and symptoms may be present in preeclampsia: high blood pressure; dizziness; changes in vision; too much protein in the urine; severe headaches; sudden weight gain; urine output that is decreased; swelling in the face, hands, and feet; and vomiting or nausea.
Danger to the Placenta
According to FamilyDoctor.org, pregnancy-induced hypertension can prevent the placenta from getting enough blood. The placenta gives food and oxygen to the baby. A lack of food and oxygen can result in a low birth weight baby. Many women with hypertension in pregnancy go on to have babies who are healthy. Hypertension can be detected and dealt with early, if a pregnant mother sees her midwife or doctor regularly.
Other Preeclampsia Complications
If preeclampsia is severe, your midwife or doctor may put you in the hospital to prevent seizures and treat the hypertension. She may also suggest delivering the baby early, to protect your health and the health of your baby. After your baby is delivered, blood pressure usually returns to normal. The Cleveland Clinic cites these complications of preeclampsia: temporary kidney failure; problems with blood clotting; and premature delivery of the baby. Placental abruption may also take place, which is when the placenta pulls away from the inner wall of the uterus. This can result in fetal distress and bleeding in the mother.
Eclampsia
When preeclampsia is not treated early on, it can progress to eclampsia, which is preeclampsia with seizures. Symptoms of eclampsia may include: very high blood pressure; seizures; muscles pains and aches; severe agitation; and unconsciousness. According to Medlineplus.com, it is difficult to know which women will develop eclampsia, but there are some risk factors for developing the condition. They include: being African American; first pregnancy; having a history of high blood pressure, kidney disease, or diabetes; multiple pregnancies; being 35 years or older; and teenage pregnancy.
