An allergic reaction occurs when the immune system overreacts to certain harmless substances in the environment, causing the skin and other organs to get inflamed and irritated. The skin may become itchy and swollen, and develop red bumps, scaly rash called eczema, and/or swelling on the skin that made contact with the substance, describes the American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology. Treatment is available to relieve the effects and treat the underlying causes of skin allergies.
Corticosteroids
Systemic corticosteroids, taken orally or by injections, are powerful anti-inflammatory drugs and treat the more severe reactions and intense itching, and prevent future flare-ups of allergies, notes Eczemanet of the American Academy of Dermatology. Systemic corticosteroids may cause osteoporosis muscle weakness and delayed growth in children. Topical corticosteroids can be found over-the-counter or with a prescription. Topical corticosteroids, applied as cream or ointment, relieve the redness, itchiness and swelling of localized skin reactions. Side effects, including skin irritation, discoloration and thinning, may occur with prolonged use.
Antihistamines
Oral antihistamines blocks the action histamine, an immune substance responsible for most of the signs and symptoms related to allergies. Hence, antihistamines can treat allergic reactions on the skin and other organs such as the eyes, nose, lungs and throat. Some antihistamine drugs may cause drowsiness and slow a patient's reaction time.
Phototherapy
Phototherapy treats moderate to severe eczema and contact eczema, notes EczemaNet. In a phototherapy session, the affected skin is exposed to an ultraviolet light alone or in combination with another treatment or medication. According to EczemaNet, phototherapy may completely treat atopic dermatitis, but it can also contribute to skin cancer or prematurely age the skin.
