The ear consists of inner, middle and outer parts, and each plays a role in ear pressure. The eustachian tube is a link between the middle ear and the back of the nose and throat. This tube assists in ventilating air to ensure equal pressure within the ear. Anything that blocks, inflames or causes a buildup of fluid may lead to ear pressure. A healthcare provider may assist in diagnosing and treating individual causes of ear pressure.
Altitude
Altitude causes rapid changes in ear pressure. The eustachian tubes normally open up and keep pressure equal in each of the ears. However, altitude changes can cause blockage in the eustachian tubes, making the inner ear vulnerable to pressure. When pressure is trapped in the inner ear, the ears may feel clogged or blocked. Those who travel on airplanes or drive in the mountains commonly experience discomfort from ear pressure. The ears pop from ear pressure in airplanes, because the air high above the surface of the earth is less dense than the air near the surface, notes the Michigan State University Department of Physics and Astronomy. Increased ear pressure causes pain and temporary hearing loss.
Otitis Media
Otitis media is an infection or inflammation of the middle part of the ear. It develops from bacteria, viruses or germs that create fluids within the ear. Fluid buildup can lead to irritation and inflammation that limit the ear's ability to drain, thereby causing pressure. Otitis media primarily occurs in children, although anyone is susceptible to the condition. Respiratory problems, colds, sore throats and swimming may cause otitis media. The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders reports that three out of four children will develop otitis media before their third birthday. Common symptoms of otitis media include ear pressure, ear pain, irritability, headaches and drainage from the ear.
Sinusitis
Sinusitis occurs when the sinuses are clogged or blocked. The sinuses are air-filled pockets near the nasal passages that produce mucus. Anything that causes inflammation or irritation, keeping mucus from draining, may cause sinusitis. Common causes of sinusitis are viral, bacterial and fungal infections; allergies; temperature changes; nasal polyps; and trauma to the nose. The three types of sinusitis are acute, subacute and chronic, depending on the severity of symptoms and how long the condition lasts. Signs and symptoms of sinusitis vary from person to person, but most often they consist of pain and pressure in the forehead, ears, nose and between the eyes; nasal congestion; headaches; coughing; low-grade fever; and reduced sense of smell.
