Dry skin, also known as xerosis, is a common and temporary problem that most people experience sometime in their lifetime. Although dry skin is rarely serious, it can be uncomfortable if left untreated. Dry skin can often be treated without a professional and it can be prevented.
Causes
Skin becomes dry when there is not enough moisture in the outer layer of the epidermis. Environmental factors -- such as sun damage, cold weather and wind -- often correlate with dry and flaky skin. Skin is driest during the winter because humidity is low and skin is unable to lock in moisture as well as during humid months. Hot baths and showers can also cause dry skin by removing natural skin oils.
Identification
Dry skin can affect a person of any age. In addition to flaking, dry skin will often itch and peel. The area may appear dull, rough and red. Because the area that is dry lacks moisture, fine lines and wrinkles become more visible. Cracking and bleeding of the skin can also happen in severe cases.
Treatment
If your skin is itchy because of dry skin, apply hydrocortisone cream, the MayoClinic.com says. To treat dry skin, apply a good moisturizer regularly throughout the day. The greasier the moisturizer feels, the better it will trap and hold water into the skin. Ointments and creams are best for dry skin.
Prevention
To prevent dry skin, take warm baths and showers instead of hot ones. Apply a moisturizer within three minutes of exiting the shower to seal in water and help prevent dryness. Run a humidifier in the house during winter months to prevent the air from getting dry, which can lead to dry skin. Apply a sunscreen with a minimum SPF 30 to prevent sun damage that causes dry skin. Avoid harsh soaps and skin products that contain alcohol or fragrances.
Considerations
Dry skin can increase the chance of bacterial infections because the cracks in your skin allow bacteria easy access to epidermal layers. Dry skin can increase the risk for cellulitis, a potentially life-threatening condition if left untreated. Symptoms of cellulitis are swelling, tenderness, redness and warmth at the infection site. If you regularly apply moisturizers but your skin remains dry, contact a dermatologist for alternative treatment options.
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