Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition found in children, adults also suffer from the illness, report doctors at the Mayo Clinic. Most adults with ADHD had the condition as children and may or may not have been diagnosed. Mayo Clinic doctors report that more than half of the patients who had ADHD as children will continue to experience symptoms as adults, requiring treatment and ADHD medications.
Adderall
Adderall is a common medication used to treat adult ADHD. The medication is a brand name for a combination of amphetamines that affect the central nervous system. Adderall, also used to treat narcolepsy, is available in generic forms as well. It helps adults focus better by stimulating the flow of norepinephrine and dopamine, neurotransmitters that deliver messages from the brain to the central nervous system. Common side effects of Adderall include dry mouth, appetite and weight loss and sleep disturbances, similar to side effects of other amphetamines. Because the drug can be habit-forming, people with substance abuse histories should not be treated with Adderall.
Dextroamphetamines
Dextroamphetamines, commonly prescribed under the brand names of Dexedrine or Dextrostat, also are stimulants that affect the central nervous system and increase the production of norepinephrine and dopamine. They are meant to allow adults to focus more clearly and maintain concentration. While side effects of dextroamphetamines usually dissipate over the first couple weeks of use, they can include irritability and restlessness, loss of appetite and weight loss and diarrhea or constipation. There is a risk of an increased tolerance for the drug over time, requiring larger doses. The medicines also carry risk of dependence, which is risky for people with previous drug-addiction problems.
Clonidine
Clonidine hydrochloride is an ADHD medication that also is used to treat high blood pressure. Under the brand name of Catapres, the anti-hypersensitive medication is generally used as an alternative to stimulants to treat adults with ADHD, especially those with addiction problems. Clonidine hydrochloride decreases the activity in the sympathetic nervous system, which kicks in the signals the body needs to stimulate the brain. Clonidine also has a calming effect on the brain. Patients taking clonidine often feel tired and sedated and may have trouble getting motivated. Other side effects include constipation, lowered heart rate and dry eyes and mouth. Side effects usually disappear in a few weeks but could also include hives or skin rashes, headaches or sexual dysfunctions.
