Swelling in your feet, called peripheral edema, can signify a variety of physiological conditions. When an inordinate amount of fluid gathers in the feet, swelling occurs. This condition can be temporary or chronic, depending on the sufferer's biochemical condition. While some causes of peripheral edema are considerably harmless in nature, others identify significant problems that necessitate immediate attention.
Pregnancy
After 20 weeks of pregnancy, certain women develop a condition known as preeclampsia. Although preeclampsia begins at conception, symptoms do not usually appear until mid-term. It is a potentially dangerous illness, one that can lead to a number of adverse pathologies, according to the Ohio State University Department of Women and Infant Nursing. Women who suffer from kidney disease or diabetes, along with those who are pregnant for the first time, are at high risk.
Excessive Standing or Sitting
Remaining stationary, either by sitting or standing, for prolonged periods of time can cause fluid buildup in the feet. This type of swelling, known as orthostatic edema, is frequently experienced by travelers during long rides in an motor vehicle or airplane. The condition typically, subsides, however, once normal movement continues. To prevent leg swelling during long car rides, Aetna IntelliHealth recommends stopping hourly to take a brief walk.
Menstrual-Cycle Water Retention
Many women retain water during, and in the days just prior to, menstruation. During this time, a woman can minimize the potential for edema by reducing the amount of sodium in her diet. She can also remain highly hydrated when "off-cycle" to keep fluid levels at a constant, thereby reducing the bodies instinct to retain water.
Hypertension
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is an often chronic disorder that increases the risk for kidney disease, heart attack and stroke. The circulatory activity of a person with high-blood pressure is significantly obstructed, causing fluid to build in the lower extremities. This condition is sometime manifested by a loss of feeling in the feet and can lead the sufferer to develop local wounds and ulcers that refuse to heal.
