Acid Reflux
Acid reflux is a condition where the contents of the stomach make their way back up through the esophagus to the larynx and sometimes back into the mouth, per the Mayo Clinic. This can occur because of an overproduction of acid within the stomach or because of a weakened lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Certain foods cause more acid production within the stomach, making it difficult to keep the contents from being regurgitated. The LES acts as a valve that opens when swallowing occurs and then closes after the food passes into the esophagus. If it is overly relaxed or weak, the stomach contents can make their way back up.
Esophagus Irritation
The esophagus is the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, according to Mayo Clinic. UCHC.edu describes the tissue of the esophagus as smooth with nerve endings and a mucus coating. After food is swallowed, it is moved down the esophagus, through the LES, and into the stomach. Acid traveling back up the esophagus creates the burning sensation described as heartburn. Frequent heartburn should be evaluated by a medical professional for treatment. Inflammation, irritation and erosion can be the result of acid exposure.
Long-term Damage
GICare.com suggests several potential health complications as a result of continued acid exposure to the esophagus. These include ulcers, bleeding, scarring and narrowing of the esophagus. A serious condition, called Barrett's esophagus, can result if a severe change in the cells that line the esophagus occurs. GICare.com points out that Barrett's esophagus can lead to esophageal cancer. Continued acid damage to the LES can make it weaker and increase the occurrence of acid reflux.
