Cholesterol, a waxy substance found in the fats in the blood, is essential for building healthy cells, but in excess can increase the risk of heart disease. As the fatty substance builds in the arteries, the blood flow is restricted, which can cause a stroke or heart attack. There are two sources of cholesterol: the body's natural production and intake from certain foods.
Types
There are two main types of cholesterol: HDL, or high-density lipoprotein, which is the good cholesterol, and LDL, or low-density lipoprotein, which is the bad cholesterol. Another type of cholesterol that is usually not part of a routine cholesterol test is the VLDL, or very low-density lipoprotein. According to Thomas Behrenbeck, M.D., a Mayo Clinic cardiologist, a high VLDL level indicates a high level of triglycerides, which increases the risk of stroke or heart attack.
Function
Cholesterol is necessary for the structure and function of all cells; however, the body produces all that is required for cell function. The lipoproteins, which are made of fat and protein, transport cholesterol in the bloodstream. The lipoproteins in HDL remove excess cholesterol from the blood and take it to the liver. Lipoproteins in LDL take cholesterol from the liver and deliver it to other parts of the body, reports the Cleveland Clinic.
Considerations
Total cholesterol lab readings are a combination of the good and bad cholesterol. A desirable level for total cholesterol is under 200 mg/dL, borderline high is between 200 and 239 mg/dL and high risk is above 240 mg/dL, according to the American Heart Association. Optimal levels for HDL are above 60 mg/dL and for LDL are less than 100 mg/dL. Other factors to consider include a history of heart disease or diabetes and the level of triglycerides in the blood.
Prevention/Solution
Options for lowering and maintaining a recommended cholesterol level include exercise, good nutrition, medications and other therapies. Exercise is critical for losing excess weight, as well as choosing a healthy diet that is low in fats and cholesterol. If cholesterol-lowering drugs are prescribed, follow the directions carefully, including understanding which medications to avoid. Other therapies noted to have possible benefits for lowering cholesterol and preventing heart disease include fish oils and other sources of omega-3 fatty acids, such as canola and flaxseed oils, notes PDRhealth.
Misconceptions
Adults are not the only people who should be concerned about cholesterol. Children can be affected by high cholesterol. The most common causes of elevated cholesterol in children are heredity, obesity and diet, reports the Cleveland Clinic. Recommendations for children, as stated by the Cleveland Clinic, include eating foods low in total fat, getting regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight.
