Uterine fibroids are growths of muscular and fibrous tissue that commonly occur in premenopausal women. These benign tumors can range in size from as little as 1 inch in diameter to those more than 8 inches across. In general, the larger the tumor, the more likely it is to causes adverse symptoms. Women can suffer from more than one fibroid at a time. Though many fibroids do not produce any symptoms, when they do cause problems they are often removed surgically alone or as part of a hysterectomy.
Heavy Bleeding
The most common sign of uterine fibroids is excessive vaginal bleeding. This bleeding often occurs during prolonged menstruation or between periods. The bleeding can be so excessive that anemia results. The passing of large blood clots is also common during this heavy flow.
Pain
Pelvic, lower-back and rectal pain can signal the presence of fibroids. The pain can be severe and typically lasts for 2 to 4 weeks at a time. Pain in the pelvic region can come about when a fibroid degenerates because it has outgrown its blood supply. Pain also can result from a fibroid pushing against the nerves and muscles in the lower-back or rectal areas.
Bladder Issues
Uterine fibroids can affect the bladder. Because of pressure from the fibroids, you may have the urge to urinate more frequently than before, though the amount of uterine remains the same. A fibroid might press against the bladder, reducing its capacity. A fibroid sufferer may also have difficulty in totally emptying her bladder because of a fibroid partially blocking the flow.
Pressure
Fibroid patients often experience an uncomfortable pressure in the pelvic and rectal regions. This sign most often occurs when a large fibroid or multiple fibroids are present. This pressure can be likened to the type of pressure a pregnant woman feels as her expanding uterus pushes in on surrounding areas.
Intercourse Pain
Sometimes a woman with a uterine fibroid experiences pain during sexual intercourse. This becomes an issue when the fibroid is located in the region of the cervix. The pain can often be alleviated by changing positions. Pain is often present only during certain phases of the menstrual cycle.
Infertility
Infertility is a rare symptom, but it can occur when the fibroids are in position to block the fallopian tubes. Fibroids can also reduce chances of pregnancy if they enlarge the uterine cavity so that sperm has to travel further to reach the egg. Also, multiple or particularly large fibroids can impact the entire anatomy of the uterus, making egg implantation all but impossible. Another way fertility can be impacted is when fibroids prevent the uterus from being able to contract, which impacts ovum transport and the migration of sperm.
