Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for normal body function and for heart, blood vessel, brain and eye health as well as several body processes. The University of Maryland Medical Center recommends omega-3 fatty acids for decreased cardiovascular problems, such as heart disease, stroke and blood clots.
Types
Omega-3 fatty acids are healthy, polyunsaturated fatty acids fund in fish, flaxseed, olives and olive oil, walnuts and other sources. There are three primary types of omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid, or EPA, found in fish and fish oils; docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, also mainly in fish and fish oils; and alpha linolenic acid, or ALA, which is primarily found in flaxseed, olives, olive oils and other plant sources. The Harvard School of Public Health notes that it is not yet known whether the varying types of omega-3 fatty acids are equally beneficial for heart health.
Supplements
The Harvard School of Public Health advises that though certain omega-3 rich foods also contain essential vitamins, minerals and proteins, it may not be possible to get adequate amounts of omega-3 from the diet. It therefore may be necessary to supplement with omega-3 fatty acid capsules or liquids. These are available as fish oils as well as vegetarian sources such as flaxseed oils. A supplement of 500mg of omega-3 fatty acids is recommended per day. Individuals that have already had a heart attack may benefit from higher doses of omega-3.
Cholesterol
High levels of cholesterol in the blood can lead to atherosclerosis, a disease in which the arteries become stiffened, narrowed and clogged. This can lead to heart diseases such as coronary artery diseases, or CAD. There are several types of cholesterol in the body; high-density lipoprotein, or HDL, are considered good cholesterol, while low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, are considered unhealthy cholesterol. The University of Maryland Medical Center notes that individuals with more omega-3 fatty acids in their diet generally have higher levels of HDL cholesterol and lower LDL and triglyceride fat levels in the blood.
High Blood Pressure
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a cardiovascular disease that can lead to heart attacks and strokes. The University of Maryland Medical Center recommends a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids to decrease blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. Supplements should contain at least 3g of fish oil per day to decrease blood pressure.
Heart Disease
In addition to decreasing risk factors for heart disease, such as hypertension and high cholesterol, omega-3 fatty acids also help to reduce inflammation. The University of Maryland Medical Center advises that this is particularly beneficial to prevent heart disease, help repair damage after a heart attack and help prevent second heart attacks in patients who have already had one.
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