Theory
Colon cleansing is based on the concept of "auto-intoxication." This theory holds that as food accumulates in the colon, it can "rot" and become toxic. Proponents of colon cleanses claim that when food enters into the colon, it can cause blockages, which lead to the body becoming "poisoned." The putative toxins are then responsible for a variety of illnesses, including asthma, arthritis and allergies, as they can over-stimulate the immune system. Colon cleanses work by flushing out the colon, eliminating these toxins.
Types
There are two main types of colon cleanses. The first kind works via the ingestion of certain herbs and laxative products. These types of colon cleanses typically involve substances that have a large amount of fiber, which can help relieve constipation and cause a bowel movement. The laxative compounds will also help stimulate bowel movements. The other type of colon cleanse involves an enema that may be inserted as far as 30 inches into the large intestine. Some enemas use only salt water to "irrigate" and clean out the large intestine, though others will include other herbal compounds or caffeine to further stimulate the bowels.
Risks and Benefits
There is no evidence in the current scientific literature that supports the concept of "auto-intoxication." The colon is designed to be able to adequately handle the accumulation and expulsion of fecal matter, so there is no evidence in medical literature that colon cleanses provide any real benefit. On the other hand, colon cleanses carry with them certain risks. Because herbal colon cleanses artificially stimulate the bowels, patients may become dependent on these compounds for bowel movements, forcing them to use the colon cleanse to avoid being constipated. This can also occur with enemas. In addition, enemas carry with them the risk of the colon becoming damaged or ruptured.
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