The use of nutritional supplements by patients for the treatment of heart disease is rapidly growing in the United States, according to a study published by the "American Journal of Therapeutics" in July 2001. Many substances are sold as nutritional supplements with anecdotal claims of effectiveness. However, most of them, if not all, have not been scientifically studied. As a result, the American Heart Association has released a statement recommending the adequate intake of nutritious foods in moderation rather than supplements.
Antioxidant Vitamins
Antioxidant vitamins--which are vitamins A, C and E--are gaining popularity among patients who are interested in taking vitamin supplements for their heart problems, according to the American Heart Association. This interest is due to large observational studies that link the use of antioxidant vitamins with a lowered risk of heart disease among healthy adults. However, according to the American Heart Association, most of these studies are subject to bias. The organization emphasizes that any scientific evidence about antioxidant vitamins does not eliminate the need of a patient to control his blood pressure, to lower his blood cholesterol or to stop his smoking habits. Antioxidant supplements are never a recommendation made by the American Heart Association. However, the use of natural food sources with antioxidant properties, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grain foods and vegetable oils, is suitable.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acids are the only exception mentioned by the American Heart Association that can be taken in supplement form. The organization has noted that fish intake is associated with a decreased risk of developing heart disease. Thus, the American Heart Association recommends that patients with no heart problems eat a variety of fish at least twice a week. Patients with documented heart disease should consume at least 1 g of omega-3 fatty acids per day. On the other hand, patients with high triglycerides or blood fat, a predisposing factor to the development of heart disease, must consume a total of 2 g to 4 g of omega-3 fatty acids per day. However, patients must consult their physician first before starting any omega-3 fatty acid supplement.
Folate
Folate is a naturally occurring B vitamin found in food. Leafy green vegetables, fruits and dried beans are natural sources of folate in the diet. Vitamin B-complex or multivitamin supplements also contain folate and may be taken on a daily basis. According to the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health, a deficiency of folate and other B vitamins may increase the level of homocysteine, a body chemical that, in high amounts, can trigger blood vessel damage and blood clot formation--predisposing factors in the development of heart attack. Consequently, according to an observation released by the Office of Dietary Supplements, a higher intake of folate leads to the lowering of homocysteine levels in the body.
